Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub

Cov dej khib nyiab acidic yog cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj pH tsawg dua 6. Raws li qhov sib txawv thiab cov concentrations ntawm cov kua qaub, acidic khib nyiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov dej khib nyiab inorganic acid thiab cov organic acid khib nyiab.Cov dej tsis muaj zog acid thiab cov dej tsis muaj zog acid;Monoacid wastewater thiab polyacid wastewater;Tsawg concentration acidic wastewater thiab siab concentration acidic wastewater.Feem ntau acidic khib nyiab, ntxiv rau muaj qee cov kua qaub, feem ntau kuj muaj cov hlau hnyav ions thiab lawv cov ntsev thiab lwm yam khoom tsis zoo.Acidic wastewater los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog mine kua, hydrometallurgy, steel dov, nto acidification ntawm hlau thiab non-ferrous hlau, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, acid ntau lawm, dyes, electrolysis, electroplating, dag fibers thiab lwm yam kev lag luam sectors.Cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau yog sulfuric acid khib nyiab, tom qab ntawd los ntawm hydrochloric acid thiab nitric acid khib nyiab.Txhua xyoo, Tuam Tshoj tab tom yuav tso tawm ze li ntawm ib lab cubic meters ntawm cov khoom pov tseg cov kua qaub, yog tias cov dej khib nyiab no tawm ncaj qha yam tsis muaj kev kho mob, nws yuav ua rau cov kav dej puas tsuaj, cov qoob loo puas tsuaj, ua rau ntses, ua rau lub nkoj puas tsuaj, thiab puas tsuaj ib puag ncig kev noj qab haus huv.Cov dej khib nyiab muaj kua qaub yuav tsum tau kho kom ua tau raws li lub teb chaws cov qauv kev tso tawm ua ntej tso tawm, cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab rov siv dua.Thaum kho cov kua qaub pov tseg, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem xaiv tau suav nrog kev kho ntsev, txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg, cov txheej txheem rho tawm, ion txauv resin txoj kev, txheej txheej membrane sib cais, thiab lwm yam.

1. ntsev tawm rov ua dua

Lub thiaj li hu ua salting tawm yog siv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm saturated ntsev dej kom precipitate yuav luag tag nrho cov organic impurities nyob rau hauv cov khib nyiab acid.Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no yuav tsim cov tshuaj hydrochloric acid thiab cuam tshuam rau kev rov qab los thiab kev siv cov sulfuric acid hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg, yog li cov txheej txheem ntawm salting tawm cov organic impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg nrog sodium bisulphate saturated tov tau kawm.
Cov kua qaub pov tseg muaj sulfuric acid thiab ntau yam organic impurities, uas feem ntau yog me me ntawm 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4 sulfonic acid thiab ntau yam isomers uas tsis yog 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid uas tsim los ntawm toluene hauv Cov txheej txheem ntawm sulfonation, chlorination thiab nitrification.Txoj kev salting tawm yog siv cov dej ntsev ntau ntau kom precipitate yuav luag tag nrho cov organic impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg.Txoj kev siv ntsev tawm tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm ntau yam organic impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg, tab sis kuj rov qab sulfuric acid kom muab tso rau hauv lub voj voog ntau lawm, txuag nqi thiab lub zog.

2. Roasting txoj kev

Roasting txoj kev yog siv rau cov volatile acid xws li hydrochloric acid, uas yog cais los ntawm kev daws los ntawm roasting kom ua tiav cov nyhuv rov qab.

3. Tshuaj neutralization txoj kev

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid-puag ntawm H + (aq) + OH-(aq) = H2O kuj yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab.Cov txheej txheem kev kho cov dej khib nyiab muaj xws li neutralization thiab recycling, kev sib nrig sib neutralization ntawm acid-base wastewater, tshuaj neutralization, filtration neutralization, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm ib co hlau thiab steel tuam txhab nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, feem ntau ntawm lawv siv txoj kev. acid-base neutralization los kho cov kua khib nyiab ntawm hydrochloric acid thiab sulfuric acid pickling, kom pH tus nqi mus txog tus qauv tawm.Sodium carbonate (soda tshauv), sodium hydroxide, limestone los yog txiv qaub li raw cov ntaub ntawv rau acid-base neutralization, feem ntau siv yog pheej yig, yooj yim rau txiv qaub.

4. Txoj kev rho tawm

Kua-kua extraction, tseem hu ua hnyav extraction, yog ib chav tsev ua haujlwm uas siv qhov sib txawv ntawm solubility ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv raw cov kua hauv cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog kom ua tiav kev sib cais.Hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj cov kua qaub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom cov kua qaub uas muaj cov dej khib nyiab thiab cov organic hnyav sib cuag, kom cov impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg tau hloov mus rau qhov hnyav.Cov kev xav tau ntawm extractant yog: (1) rau cov khib nyiab acid yog inert, tsis chemically react nrog cov khib nyiab acid, thiab tsis yaj nyob rau hauv cov khib nyiab acid;(2) Cov impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg muaj qhov sib faib siab coefficient hauv cov extractant thiab sulfuric acid;(3) Tus nqi pheej yig thiab yooj yim tau txais;(4) Ib qho yooj yim cais tawm ntawm impurities, me me poob thaum stripping.Cov extractants muaj xws li benzene (toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene), phenols (creosote crude diphenol), halogenated hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, dichloroethane), isopropyl ether thiab N-503.

5. ion txauv resin txoj kev

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho cov organic acid pov tseg kua los ntawm ion txauv resin yog tias qee cov ion pauv resins tuaj yeem nqus cov organic acids los ntawm cov kua qaub pov tseg thiab tsis suav cov inorganic acids thiab cov ntsev hlau kom ua tiav cov kua qaub sib txawv thiab cov ntsev.

6. membrane cais txoj kev

Rau cov kua qaub kua qaub, cov txheej txheem kho membrane xws li kev lim ntshav thiab electrodialysis kuj tseem siv tau.Membrane rov qab ntawm cov kua qaub tsuas yog siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev lim ntshav, uas yog tsav los ntawm qhov sib txawv concentration.Tag nrho cov cuab yeej yog tsim los ntawm diffusion dialysis membrane, kua dispensing phaj, reinforcing phaj, kua ntws phaj ncej, thiab lwm yam.

7. txias crystallization txoj kev

Cooling crystallization method yog ib txoj hauv kev los txo qhov kub ntawm cov tshuaj thiab precipitate cov kua.Nws yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho cov kua qaub pov tseg uas cov impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg tau txias kom rov qab tau cov kua qaub uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab tuaj yeem rov qab siv dua.Piv txwv li, cov khib nyiab sulfuric acid tso tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem acyl-ntxuav ntawm lub tshuab dov muaj ntau cov ferrous sulfate, uas yog kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm concentration-crystallization thiab pom.Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm ferrous sulfate los ntawm kev pom, cov kua qaub tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau cov txheej txheem steel rau kev siv txuas ntxiv.
Cooling crystallization muaj ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, uas tau piav qhia ntawm no los ntawm cov txheej txheem pickling hauv kev ua hlau.Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm steel thiab mechanical processing, sulfuric acid tov yog feem ntau siv los tshem tawm cov xeb ntawm cov hlau nto.Yog li ntawd, kev rov ua dua ntawm cov kua qaub pov tseg tuaj yeem txo cov nqi thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.Cooling crystallization yog siv hauv kev lag luam kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem no.

8. Txoj kev oxidation

Txoj kev no tau siv sijhawm ntev, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog kom decompose cov organic impurities hauv cov khib nyiab sulfuric acid los ntawm oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog, kom nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau carbon dioxide, dej, nitrogen oxides, thiab lwm yam. cais tawm ntawm sulfuric acid, kom cov khib nyiab sulfuric acid tuaj yeem ua kom huv thiab zoo.Feem ntau siv oxidants yog hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitrate, ozone thiab hais txog.Txhua oxidizer muaj nws qhov zoo thiab kev txwv.