Pawg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes feem ntau

Cov tshuaj ntxiv rau cov xab npum tau muab faib ua cov tshuaj ntxiv inorganic, xws li sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate thiab lwm yam ntsev inorganic; Cov tshuaj ntxiv organic, xws li cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv kev rov ua dua tshiab, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

Ntxiv cov khoom siv pabcuam uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm cov pa phem rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws hu ua cov tshuaj ntxiv rau kev ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab cov tshuaj ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws: thawj zaug, nws muaj cov nyhuv ntawm kev ua kom dej mos, qhov thib ob yog ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm alkaline buffering, thiab thaum kawg, nws muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ntub, emulsification, suspension thiab dispersion, feem ntau yog los tiv thaiv cov av kom tsis txhob rov lo rau cov khaub ncaws thiab tiv thaiv kev rov qab los.

Cov tshuaj ntxiv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes yog dab tsi?

Sodium silicate
Nws yog ib qho alkaline buffer, feem ntau hu ua dej iav lossis paucine, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb alkaline pH buffer detergent additive, suav txog li 10% txog 3% ntawm qhov ntxiv rau hauv cov hmoov detergent. Thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm yog pH buffer, tiv taus corrosion, softening dej; Qhov thib ob yog los tiv thaiv cov ntaub kom txhim kho qhov ntxuav; Qhov thib peb yog los txhim kho qhov fluidity ntawm slurry thiab hmoov; Qhov thib plaub, nws muaj kev sib koom tes nrog lwm cov neeg pabcuam.

Sodium carbonate
Hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, cov tshuaj ntxiv yog cov tshuaj ua kom dej mos, uas yog cov tshuaj ua kom dej mos, lub npe hu ua soda ash, thiab qee lub npe hu ua alkali ntxuav, tab sis qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog alkali, nws yog ntsev. Hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, qee zaum hu ua soda lossis alkali ash. Sodium carbonate tuaj yeem txhim kho alkalinity, tuaj yeem tsim calcium carbonate lossis magnesium nag lossis daus nrog calcium thiab magnesium ions hauv dej, yog li ua kom dej mos, yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm alkali ntxuav.

4A zeolite
Cov tshuaj ua kom dej mos yog ib yam khoom siv pab hloov cov ion zoo, uas pab hloov cov calcium thiab magnesium ion thiab ua kom dej mos. Vim tias zeolite tsis yaj hauv dej, kom nws tsis txhob nyob ntawm daim ntaub, muaj qee yam yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov loj ntawm 4A zeolite. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv zeolite nrog sodium tripolyphosphate zoo dua li kev siv nws ib leeg. 4A zeolite kuj muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev buffering, dispersing thiab tiv thaiv redeposition.

Sodium citrate
Nws yog ib qho chelating dej softener, thiab cov sodium citrate feem ntau yog sodium citrate dihydrate thiab sodium citrate pentahydrate. Lawv muaj cov solubility zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov chelates nrog calcium thiab magnesium ions hauv dej kom ua rau dej mos. Sodium citrate yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog, thiab citric acid tuaj yeem tsim cov pH buffer system muaj zog, thaum lub sijhawm ntxuav muaj peev xwm tswj tau pH ruaj khov, yog li qee zaum tsis haum rau ntau yam kev hloov pauv pH, sodium citrate muaj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.

Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate decahydrate, feem ntau hu ua glauberite. Muaj cov khoom me me ntawm anhydrous sodium sulfate, tseem hu ua sodium hmoov. Cov sodium sulfate ntxiv rau hauv cov hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws yog li ntawm 20% txog 60%, uas yog cov khoom ntxiv rau cov hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws ib txwm muaj, tab sis nws cov txiaj ntsig me dua li lwm cov khoom ntxiv. Feem ntau vim yog tus nqi qis ntawm sodium sulfate, hauv cov txheej txheem molding detergent, qhov fluidity ntawm cov detergent zoo dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws molding.

Cov tshuaj dawb sodium percarbonate
Sodium percarbonate, feem ntau hu ua cov khoom hydrogen peroxide khov, yog ib qho sib xyaw ntxiv ntawm hydrogen peroxide thiab sodium carbonate, uas feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm dawb.

Polycarboxylate chelating dej softener
Polycarboxylate, feem ntau siv rau hauv kev lag luam ntxuav khaub ncaws, yog ob hom polymers uas muaj acrylic homopolymer thiab acrylic maleic acid copolymer. Hom tshuaj no muaj lub zog zoo rau cov calcium thiab magnesium ions, muaj cov nyhuv dispersion pom tseeb rau calcium thiab magnesium carbonate, muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom ntxuav khaub ncaws xws li surfactant additives, thiab muaj cov nyhuv zoo tiv thaiv kev rov ua dua tshiab.
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kev rov ua dua tshiab, nws tus kheej tsis muaj cov nyhuv decontamination, hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes yog feem ntau los tiv thaiv kev rov ua dua ntawm cov av, txhim kho lub zog ua npuas ncauj thiab ua npuas ncauj ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, tab sis kuj muaj cov khoom tuab, ruaj khov colloidal, tiv thaiv kev delamination thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg colloidal.

EDTA yog ib qho chelating dej softener
EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw, muaj rau lub atoms sib koom ua ke, qhov kev tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw no hu ua chelate. Nws tuaj yeem tsim cov chelates nrog calcium, magnesium thiab lwm yam hlau ions hauv dej kom ua rau cov dej mos.

Lub ntsiab lus
Cov neeg siv khoom nyiam ntxiv cov tsw qab rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws, thiab ntxiv cov tsw qab rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws muaj kev ua tau zoo heev xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau cov ntaub lossis cov plaub hau tom qab ntxuav, nrog rau cov ntxhiab tsw qab tshiab zoo nkauj. Qhov ntau ntawm cov tsw qab ntxiv rau cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws feem ntau yog li 1%, tab sis qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom sib txawv kuj txawv, xws li xab npum, vim nws muaj lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb, qhov ntau ntawm cov tsw qab yog 1.0% ~ 2.5%, xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws 0.5% ~ 1%, hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws 0.1% ~ 0.2%, raws li cov khoom sib txawv. Cov tshuaj tsw qab feem ntau yog paj, nyom, ntoo, thiab tshuaj tsw qab dag. Kev npaj cov tsw qab ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau ob lub ntsiab lus hauv qab no: Ua ntej, kev nyab xeeb, kom txo qis daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, qhov muag txhawb nqa, thiab cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau tib neeg lub cev; Qhov thib ob yog kev ruaj khov, vim tias cov khoom xyaw hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav khaub ncaws ntau dua, kev ruaj khov ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline, kom tsis txhob cia nws lwj thiab hloov xim, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm.