Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub
Cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub yog cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj pH tsawg dua 6. Raws li ntau hom thiab cov kua qaub sib txawv, cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov dej khib nyiab uas tsis muaj kua qaub thiab cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub tsis muaj zog; Cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub ntau; Cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub tsawg thiab cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub ntau. Feem ntau cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub, ntxiv rau qhov muaj kua qaub, feem ntau kuj muaj cov hlau hnyav thiab lawv cov ntsev thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg. Cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog kev ntws dej hauv qhov av, hydrometallurgy, dov hlau, kev kho cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis yog hlau uas muaj kua qaub, kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, kev tsim kua qaub, xim pleev xim, electrolysis, electroplating, cov fiber cuav thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub feem ntau yog cov dej khib nyiab sulfuric acid, ua raws li cov dej khib nyiab hydrochloric acid thiab nitric acid. Txhua xyoo, Tuam Tshoj tab tom yuav tso tawm ze li ib lab cubic meters ntawm cov kua qaub pov tseg hauv kev lag luam, yog tias cov dej khib nyiab no raug tso tawm ncaj qha yam tsis tau kho, nws yuav ua rau cov kav dej puas tsuaj, ua rau cov qoob loo puas tsuaj, ua rau ntses puas tsuaj, ua rau cov nkoj puas tsuaj, thiab ua rau puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig. Cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub hauv kev lag luam yuav tsum tau kho kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm hauv tebchaws ua ntej tso tawm, cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov siv dua. Thaum kho cov kua qaub pov tseg, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem xaiv tau suav nrog kev kho ntsev, txoj kev concentration, txoj kev neutralization tshuaj lom neeg, txoj kev rho tawm, txoj kev pauv ion resin, txoj kev sib cais membrane, thiab lwm yam.
1. ntsev tawm rov ua dua tshiab
Qhov hu ua kev ntsev tawm yog siv cov dej ntsev ntau ntau los ua kom yuav luag txhua yam organic impurities poob rau hauv cov khib nyiab acid. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no yuav tsim cov hydrochloric acid thiab cuam tshuam rau kev rov qab thiab kev siv cov sulfuric acid hauv cov khib nyiab acid, yog li txoj kev ntsev cov organic impurities hauv cov khib nyiab acid nrog sodium bisulphate saturated solution tau kawm.
Cov kua qaub pov tseg muaj cov kua qaub sulfuric thiab ntau yam organic impurities, uas feem ntau yog me me ntawm 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4 sulfonic acid thiab ntau yam isomers tsis yog 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid tsim los ntawm toluene hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm sulfonation, chlorination thiab nitrification. Txoj kev ntsev tawm yog siv cov dej ntsev ntau ntau kom ua rau yuav luag txhua yam organic impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg. Txoj kev rov ua dua tshiab ntsev tawm tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm ntau yam organic impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg, tab sis kuj rov qab tau cov kua qaub sulfuric kom muab tso rau hauv lub voj voog ntau lawm, txuag nqi thiab lub zog.
2. Txoj kev ci
Txoj kev ci yog siv rau cov kua qaub uas tsis muaj zog xws li hydrochloric acid, uas tau sib cais los ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm kev ci kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig rov qab.
3. Txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg
Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus ntawm H+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O kuj yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub. Cov txheej txheem kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub feem ntau suav nrog kev ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab rov ua dua tshiab, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus dej khib nyiab, kev ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tshuaj, kev lim dej tsis muaj zog, thiab lwm yam. Thaum ntxov ntawm qee lub tuam txhab hlau thiab hlau hauv Suav teb, feem ntau ntawm lawv siv txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus dej khib nyiab los kho cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub sulfuric acid pickling, kom tus nqi pH mus txog tus qauv tso tawm. Sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide, limestone lossis limestone ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus dej khib nyiab, kev siv dav dav yog pheej yig, yooj yim ua limestone.
4. Txoj kev rho tawm
Kev rho tawm kua-kua, tseem hu ua kev rho tawm cov kuab tshuaj, yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm hauv chav uas siv qhov sib txawv ntawm kev yaj ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom siv raw hauv cov kuab tshuaj kom ua tiav kev sib cais. Hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom cov dej khib nyiab uas muaj kua qaub thiab cov kuab tshuaj organic sib cuag tag nrho, kom cov khoom tsis huv hauv cov kua qaub khib nyiab raug xa mus rau cov kuab tshuaj. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj rho tawm yog: (1) rau cov kua qaub khib nyiab yog inert, tsis tshuaj lom neeg nrog cov kua qaub khib nyiab, thiab tsis yaj hauv cov kua qaub khib nyiab; (2) Cov khoom tsis huv hauv cov kua qaub khib nyiab muaj cov coefficient faib siab hauv cov tshuaj rho tawm thiab sulfuric acid; (3) Tus nqi pheej yig thiab yooj yim tau txais; (4) Yooj yim cais tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis huv, poob me me thaum stripping. Cov tshuaj rho tawm feem ntau suav nrog benzene (toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene), phenols (creosote crude diphenol), halogenated hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, dichloroethane), isopropyl ether thiab N-503.
5. txoj kev pauv pauv ion
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho cov kua qaub organic pov tseg los ntawm cov ion pauv resin yog tias qee cov ion pauv resins tuaj yeem nqus cov organic acids los ntawm cov kua qaub pov tseg thiab tshem tawm cov inorganic acids thiab cov ntsev hlau kom ua tiav kev sib cais ntawm cov kua qaub thiab ntsev sib txawv.
6. txoj kev sib cais membrane
Rau cov kua qaub uas pov tseg, cov txheej txheem kho mob xws li dialysis thiab electrodialysis kuj tseem siv tau. Kev rov qab cov kua qaub uas pov tseg feem ntau siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dialysis, uas yog tsav los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Tag nrho cov khoom siv yog tsim los ntawm diffusion dialysis membrane, kua dispensing phaj, reinforcing phaj, kua ntws phaj ncej, thiab lwm yam, thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig sib cais los ntawm kev sib cais cov tshuaj hauv cov kua pov tseg.
7. txoj kev txias crystallization
Txoj kev siv crystallization txias yog ib txoj kev los txo qhov kub ntawm cov kua thiab ua rau cov solute poob. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kho cov kua qaub pov tseg uas cov impurities hauv cov kua qaub pov tseg raug txias tawm kom rov qab tau cov kua qaub uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab tuaj yeem siv dua. Piv txwv li, cov kua qaub sulfuric pov tseg uas tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem acyl-washing ntawm lub tshuab dov muaj ntau cov ferrous sulfate, uas tau kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau ua ke-crystallization thiab kev lim dej. Tom qab tshem tawm ferrous sulfate los ntawm kev lim dej, cov kua qaub tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau cov txheej txheem pickling hlau rau kev siv txuas ntxiv.
Kev siv crystallization txias muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, uas tau piav qhia ntawm no los ntawm cov txheej txheem pickling hauv kev ua hlau. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau thiab kev ua tshuab, cov kua qaub sulfuric feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov xeb ntawm qhov chaw hlau. Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov kua qaub pov tseg rov qab tuaj yeem txo cov nqi thiab tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Kev siv crystallization txias yog siv hauv kev lag luam kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem no.
8. Txoj kev oxidation
Txoj kev no tau siv ntev heev, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog kom rhuav tshem cov organic impurities hauv cov khib nyiab sulfuric acid los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev oxidizing nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog, yog li nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau hauv carbon dioxide, dej, nitrogen oxides, thiab lwm yam, thiab sib cais los ntawm sulfuric acid, yog li cov khib nyiab sulfuric acid tuaj yeem ntxuav thiab rov qab tau. Cov oxidants feem ntau siv yog hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitrate, ozone thiab lwm yam. Txhua tus oxidizer muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov txwv.